step three. Show
Distribution in age group, education, occupation, number of family members in a household, household generation type, marital status, physical activity, and smoking status significantly differed by sex ( p value < 0.05)>
Patterns of eating alone significantly differed by age group, education, income status, occupation, number of family members, household generation type, and marital status in men (all p values < 0.05).>
In men, no significant difference was found except for energy intake. Men who had breakfast alone reported higher energy intakes compared to those who reported never eating alone, lunch alone, dinner alone, or lunch and dinner alone (all p values < 0.05).>
Guys who consumed dinner by yourself or food and you will food alone opposed which have those who ate with people had a considerably higher risk out of MetS (modified opportunity ratios (AOR) step 1.51, 95% trust menstruation (CI) step 1.06–2.16; AOR step 1.54, 95% CI step 1.05–2.twenty-five, respectively). Ladies who got break fast alone weighed against individuals who consumed with someone else got a somewhat down chance of MetS (AOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.94). Having abdominal obesity, guys that has dinner and you may dinner alone, break fast and you may dining alone, otherwise breakfast, food, and you can food alone every got a notably greater risk off intestinal obesity (AOR 2.01, 95% CI step 1.27–step three.20; AOR step one.50, 95% CI step one.00–dos.25; AOR step one.60, 95% CI 1.01–2.51, respectively) weighed against individuals who ate with people. No significant connection is receive ranging from activities out-of food alone and the possibility of intestinal being obese in women. Women that got dinner and you can eating alone compared with individuals who ate with individuals got a diminished danger of low HDL-C (AOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52–0.96). Women who had dinner by yourself got a top risk of elevated TG (AOR step one.24, 95% CI step one.00–step one.53) compared to those who consumed that have a friend. Ladies who got breakfast and you can dining by yourself got a reduced exposure to have elevated FBG weighed against individuals who consume with individuals (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38–0.92). In the men, people that ate break fast and restaurants by yourself got higher risk regarding raised BP weighed against those who ate with others (AOR step 1.54, 95% CI 1.03–0.30) (Table 4).
A significant association was observed between the prevalence of MetS and the patterns of eating alone in men and women (all p values < 0.05).>
cuatro. Discussion
The present research demonstrated your models out-of food by yourself is actually differentially associated with chance of MetS within the Korean men and you will feminine. In women, i located individuals who ate onetime alone to possess breakfast had down likelihood of development MetS.
In the modern research, many years, education, income, industry, level of household members from inside the a family, family generation items, and you can relationship position was in fact rather with the activities from restaurants by yourself both in group. When you look at the a study investigating certain items for eating alone for lunch among Korean people , the fresh authors learned that generation, traditions arrangement, domestic earnings, having a partner, and you may knowledge top was all the rather from the that have a lunch partner. Especially, the research unearthed that dudes aged half a century or older, no spouse, cigarette smokers, along with a minimal thinking-worry height had all significantly highest costs from food by yourself to own dinner. In today’s data, similar shopping for is shown as men old ? half a century who live by yourself which have low income status was indeed much more almost certainly consume 2 times alone for break fast and eating or eat 3 x by yourself having break fast, dinner, and you will restaurants.
Notably, guys in one-people properties was basically more likely consume lunch and you will food; morning meal and you can restaurants; and morning meal, dinner, and you can restaurants by yourself (23.0%, 20.8%, and you will 31.8%, respectively). Feamales in one-individual domiciles also got large pricing from dining morning meal, lunch, and you will restaurants alone (twenty two.7%). Inside voisit kokeilla täältä the Korea, single-person homes have increased off 27.9% inside the 2016, getting projected to reach 36.3% inside 2045 . Also, house oriented of the one male or female and you can solitary-individual households was in fact expected to feel food low self-esteem compared that have a few-adult lead domiciles in the an effective Korean society . The fresh new authors reported that the food low self-esteem standing regarding house may end up being partially caused by poorer monetary reputation.
